Measurement Accuracy at Triple Point of Water and Gallium Melt Point Supports a Total Measurement Uncertainty of 0.0006 degrees C

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Triple-Point-of-Water Cell

The Triple-Point-of-Water (TPW) Cell consists of a cylinder of borosilicate glass with a reentrant tube serving as a thermometer well, filled with high-purity, gas-free water, and sealed. When an ice mantle is frozen around the well, and a thin layer of this ice mantle is melted next to the well, the triple point of water temperature can be measured in the well. The three states of water in equilibrium can only occur at the assigned value on the International Temperature Scales of 0.01 degrees C (273.16 K). (Figures 1 and 2)

Gallium Melt Cell

The gallium melt cell is a closed-end Teflon tube with a Teflon-tube reentrant well, aluminum shell, and Teflon jacket, filled with high-purity gallium metal. The frozen cell is heated above the gallium melt point (GaMP) temperature, establishing the gallium melt plateau, and allowed to melt over a period of 8 to 12 hours, achieving the assigned gallium melt temperature of 29.7646 degrees C. (Figure 3)

Figure 1: Triple-Point-of-Water Cell

Figure 2: Cross Section of Triple-Point-of-Water Cell

Figure 3: Gallium Cell

Figure 4: Triple Point of Water Measurements — YSI SPRT S/N 4747
in Jarrett TPW Cell S/N 1866, 02 January 1998

Figure 5: Gallium Melts — YSI SPRT S/N 4747
in Isotech GaMP Cell S/N 114, 01 May 1996

Figure 6: Triple Point of Water Temperature — YSI SPRT S/N 4747
in Jarrett TPW Cell S/N 1866, 20 October 1998

Figure 7: Gallium MeltsTemperature — YSI SPRT S/N 4747
in Isotech GaMP Cell S/N 114, 03 January 1996

Table 1: GaMP Uncertainty Budget (Isotech GaMP Cell S/N 114)

Table 2: TPW Uncertainty Budget (Jarrett TPW Cells S/N 1682, 1866, etc.)

SBE total calibration uncertainties also include:

• Uncertainties of applying SPRT defined temperatures to in-house standard
  Analysis of the drift in Sea-Bird primary reference sensors against the SPRT indicates a variability of less than ±100 micro degrees C around the defined drift. (Figure 8)
• Uncertainties of applying in-house standard defined temperatures to production sensors
  Sea-Bird secondary reference sensors indicate a variability of ±100 micro degrees C. (Figure 9)

Figure 8: Drift Trajectory - SBE 3S/N 1492 YSI SPRT S/N 4747, 01 April 2000

Figure 9: SBE 3 Variability

Adding the known uncertainties in the fixed points, the SPRT measurement system, and the transfer standards and technology yields a total known uncertainty of ±580 micro degrees C.

Repeatability of a typical Sea-Bird production sensor is shown. The sensors have typical drift rates of better than 0.001 degrees C in 3 months. (Figure 10)

Figure 10: SBE 3 Repeatability

The table below compares features of the IMM to the Surface Inductive Modem (SIM) and OEM Underwater Inductive Modem:

Notes:
(1) The Underwater Inductive Modem is a component used by OEMs to integrate Sea-Bird's inductive modem technology with a third-party sensor.
(2) The SIM and UIM have a delay between adjacent bytes, resulting in only 100 bytes/sec transmission instead of 120 bytes/sec.